Examining The Definition Of Mental Stress Social Work Essay Example

Looking at The Definition Of Mental Stress Social Work Essay Example Looking at The Definition Of Mental Stress Social Work Essay Looking at The Definition Of Mental Stress Social Work Essay Persecution is the practicing of approval or force in a troublesome, barbarous, or unjustifiable mode. It can other than be characterized as a demonstration or instance of stifling, the region of being mistreated, and the sentiment of being generally troubled, intellectually or truly, by issues, unfavorable conditions, and uneasiness. ( Merriam Webster, 2010 ) Persecution comes into dramatization when one individual or gathering has the force in excess of another. It identifies with the deliberate seting down of individuals and their slants, practices and ways of life using negative practicing of intensity. It very well may be seen at both single and institutional degree, for outline residential power is single oppression and the enslavement of the intellectually infirmity is enslavement at the institutional degree. There is no particular meaning of cultural rejection, in any case it is firmly connected to builds of cultural need, destitution and imbalance. Social rejection is tied in with going confined from the odds and ordinary lifestyles of standard society evidently with little or no way of ever make fulling the spread. Social rejection has been characterized as an incessant scarceness of possibilities, course to fundamental administrations of value, work markets and acknowledgment, equivalent base, and the legal framework. ( IADP, 2003 ) This hugeness that cultural avoidance influences a man s opportunity to determine stable business, pleasant housing, satisfactory wellbeing consideration, quality guidance and protected and unafraid life conditions each piece great as their mediation by the legitimate and condemnable justness frameworks. The majority of import highlight of cultural prohibition is that these occupations are totally connected and ordinarily reenforce one another, which joine d can make a mind boggling and boorish beat. The mind boggling employment of cultural prohibition gives off an impression of being heightened and progressively horrendous for people that have a place with different avoided gatherings. The shame and partiality which clients of mental wellbeing administrations face on an everyday balance make them among the most socially prohibited gatherings in our general public. In old Greece the term shame alluded initially to imprints, cut or consumed into the natural structure, to announce and uncover something irregular or awful about the ethical situation of the transporter. Despite the fact that individuals with mental wellbeing occupations do non bear blemish, they are set apart out in the public arena as other and are socially rejected from take separating in an extent of exercises and foundations. Smith ( 2005 ) noticed that the outline of the historical backdrop of authentic reactions to mental accentuation incorporated the term moonstruc k and demomstrated that, the separation was only here and there made between intellectual ability and mental unwellness in a significant number of the authoritative undertakings and strategy contentions. Despite the fact that the main asylum for numbskulls in England was set up in the mid 1840s, the 1890 Lunacy Act secured mental hurt and larning inconveniences. Segment 341 of the resolution law expressed that the term moonstruck implied a simpleton or individual of unsound head. Mental hurt alludes to an expansive extent of encounters, from relatively mellow and transient areas to increasingly interminable and horrible conditions. Changes characterizes mental hurt as an upsetting or disagreeable mental or enthusiastic area, for example, dismay, tension, melancholy, disarray, state of mind swings, unordinary musings, your faculties playing quick ones on you and so forth, ( every now and again bring forthing physical indications or practices ) regularly weakening your capacity to get by with day by day life. The immense extent of mental health occupations incorporates uneasiness, summed up sorrow, eating upsets, post birth anxiety, derangement, phobic turmoil, obsessional urgent furious, schizophrenic issue, bipolar and character upsets. Close by these employments others without a psychological wellbeing diagnosing may go up against psychotic side effects, for example, kiping occupations, exhaustion, crossness, concern, inadequacy of fixation and absent minded ness. Which are all classified under mental hurt. Mental wellbeing employments are normal and generally misconstrued ; one adult in six experiences mental health occupations of changing disagreeableness which incorporate a wide range of conditions from nervousness to insane bombshells, for example, schizophrenic issue. ( Cabinet Office, 2003 ) Changes site guarantee that one out of four individuals experience the ill effects of mental hurt eventually in their and a lot more will be in a roundabout way influenced as their companions and cherished 1s endure. When mental health occupations create they can every now and again hold a contrary effect on employability, dwelling, family unit salary, opportunities to dish administrations and cultural assets, which possibly lead to extreme financial need and cultural confinement, and see a wide extent of kinds of avoidance which can affect a man s personal satisfaction, increment their cultural prohibition what's more add to mental wellbeing. Open perspectives to mental wellbeing employments surface from multiple points of view. They are apparent in the phonetic correspondence individuals use to delineate mental unwellness and in their responses to those sing mental hurt. All social orders have battled with the effect of mental unwellness and dismissal and dismissing of intellectually wiped out individuals are normal. In any event, when the distraught have been concurred a topographic purpose of respect as in human progress that accept intellectually wiped out individuals have been moved by the Great Spirit, they have stayed outside the gathering and have been dreaded ( Sussman, 1997 ) For some, psychological unwellness is an unmentionable theme, this can thwart individuals from looking for help when confronted with a psychological wellbeing work. Negative perspectives are obvious in the preference clients of mental health administrations face. Clients much of the time experience inconveniences on undertakings of business and under the Mental Health Act 1983 may hold essential human rights denied. People groups suffering from mental health occupations are much of the time exposed to verbal and physical abuse. Over the old ten mature ages at that spot has been tiny expansion in the entirety of adults with psychotic or physic disturbs exceptionally in the work power. This is as opposed to the significant increments in the business rate for everybody and for individuals with physical disablements. Pieces of information about impaired individuals from the work Force Survey show that 628,000 adults of working age in Great Britain regard mental unwellness as their central disablement. Only 21 percent of these adults are in work, which is the least rate for any gathering with disablements. Outcomes from the examination An acclivitous fight shows that individuals with mental health occupations are twofold burdened both by their unwellness and their poverty. They face significant hurdlings in looking to come back to work with many anticipating bias and numbness. Brain shows that only 13 percent out of individuals with mental wellbeing occupations are in work contrasted and roughly a third of indiv iduals with since quite a while ago run health work. An investigation finished by heads, non sticks and shakes, examines that a third of the individuals with mental health employments said they had been excused or compelled to abandon from occupations, 69 percent of individuals had been put off utilizing for occupations for trepidation of vile mediation and 38 percent had been bothered scared or prodded at work in light of the mental history. The little Numberss of individuals with mental wellbeing employments who accomplish work consider their to be as low. ( Read A ; Baker 1996 ) The impacts of since quite a while ago run joblessness and insufficiency of opportunities to work travel past lack of cash. It can non simply sway both physical and mental health yet the loss of achievements and contacts can do it a lot harder to get once more into the work power. From numerous points of view individuals with mental wellbeing employments are related with the use of road medications, intoxicant and substance abuse, and they face the most unsympathetic open disposition since individuals consider their to be as self-incurred, as a result of their status or reliance they become stateless or jobless and the primitive cadence talked about prior has started. Names can do enslavement and bias. Be that as it may, there is an interest to name a person to empower them to have an assistance, yet does the shame appended to these names energize cultural generalizing? Goffman ( 1961 ) proposed that naming makes deviation or abnormalcy in light of the fact that the single alters his conduct to that name. ( Cited in Thomas and Wood 2003, pg 25 ) Psyche s request study Making Accepting Communities ( Dunn, 1999 ) has been depicted as the biggest ever UK enquiry into cultural avoidance and mental wellbeing administration clients. It seems to take a social hypothetical record of disablement position and keeping in mind that it talks about cultural prohibition, the key occupation it features is partiality. The enquiry board got solid and steady grounds of the partiality individuals experience as an immediate result of their psychological health employments and the examination contends that this bias, the especially in occupations and guidance, makes mental wellbeing administration clients helpless against most extreme rejection from for all intents and purposes each aspect of society. This situation apparently is exacerbated by shocking inclusion in the broad communications and the enquiry other than raised worries about the effect of the new mental wellbeing measure, which may farther heighten prohibition by focusing on open sec urity and obligatory intercession in the network. In add-on, the enquiry found that psychological wellbeing administrations themselves bear some obligation for making and propagating prohibition, mostly on the grounds that a mental diagnosing every now and again denotes the beginning of cultural rejection, and in light of the fact that mental administrations can be experienced as ghettoized and defaming. As an outcome of the quality of their discoveries sing preference, the examination s essayist contends that any defin

Customer Segmentation Analysis

Client examination Segmentation: division implies the distinguishing proof of client group’s reacts uniquely in contrast to different gatherings to serious contribution. It must have following highlights: achievability, manageability, and benefit. As a rule, we regularly utilize five rules to section the market. The division can be characterized by a few techniques; the first is by segment qualities. It is successful mostly in light of the fact that person’s life stage influences their exercises, interests and brand loyalties.The second one is the advantages, on the grounds that the determination of advantages can decide an all out business procedure. The third one is value affectability, and it speaks to the exchange off between low cost and high caliber. The following significant basis is faithfulness. Every cell of the brand devotion framework (sorted out by faithfulness level and client type) speaks to totally different key need and can legitimize an altogether diff erent program. The last one is applications, as certain items and administrations, especially mechanical items, can best be divided by use or applications.In the end, we likewise need to focus that two particular division methodologies are conceivable. Client inspirations: After distinguishing client fragments, the following stage is to think about their inspirations: what lies behind their buy choices. There are four stages to decide the customer’s inspirations. The initial step is to deciding inspirations. Albeit a gathering of supervisors can distinguish inspirations, a progressively legitimate rundown is normally gotten by getting clients to talk about the item or administration in a deliberate way.The following stage is to bunch the many inspiration to gatherings and subgroups. Another assignment of client inspiration investigation is to decide the overall significance of the inspirations. A fourth undertaking is to distinguish the inspiration that will assume a job in c haracterizing the offer of the business. Likewise, there are three other significant focuses that we need to focus on in comprehension the customers’ need. Subjective research, including the center gathering, inside and out meetings, and client contextual investigation, is a useful asset in understanding client motivation.It is especially basic to pick up knowledge into changes in customer’s needs. Additionally, all the exploration should regard the client as the dynamic accomplice. Neglected requirements: A neglected need is a client need that isn't being met by the current item contributions. Neglected need s deliberately significant in light of the fact that they speak to open doors for firms to build their piece of the pie, break into a market, or make and own new markets. There are two significant focuses that we have to get them.Firstly, use client to recognize neglected need. They are the prime source and advertiser ought to gain admittance to them and identify the neglected need from them. Besides, ethnographic or anthropological research includes straightforwardly watching client in whatever number as setting as could be expected under the circumstances. By precisely watching not just what is finished including the objective or administration however why it is being done, organizations can accomplish a more profound degree of comprehension of customer’s needs and inspiration and produce significant bits of knowledge.

The Transatlantic Tunnel Of Transport Systems Information Technology Essay

The Transatlantic Tunnel Of Transport Systems Information Technology Essay For a long while since the Industrial Revolution, reasonable vehicle has nearly been interchangeable with train type of transport. A few alterations have occurred on the main steam motor plan to more vitality and speed effective models. With headway in innovation in this data and innovation age, significantly all the more intriguing models are probably going to be intended to stay aware of the pace of way of life change. Basic restrictions that thwart train transport frameworks will be tended to, for example, the geological complexities [1]. The Transatlantic Tunnel proposition sets out to challenge the sea waters and the enormous good ways from America to Europe by bringing these two world business places nearer by means of a train. Top speed submerged passage over the Atlantic Ocean could be closer to reality than numerous individuals would have thought. Building originators at first assessed that by the turn of the 21st Century, trains moving at around 5000 miles for every hour could make the excursion from America to Europe in under 60 minutes. Despite the fact that this future building venture appears to be fascinating, a few issues should be mulled over like the structure that will breeze through the assessment of time over the tricky sea to the tremendous subsidizing request. Despite the variables disrupting the general flow of the task, it stays a splendid designing undertaking of this age. Then again, versatility could be impelled by the priceless advantages that the venture is probably going to present to the world with the end goal that the task sees the light of the century. As per the narrative video Extreme Engineering, the chance of this unimaginable undertaking isn't far from reality in the midst of present day innovation. Tested by the accomplishment of the English Channel connecting England with France, such thoughts of finishing the task can't be incomprehensible in this innovative age. These are among the issues that this investigation investigates, trying to disentangle this monstrous venture. 1.2 The Main Text 1.2.1 Background Information. These days, improvement of transport takes on a business point of view. Business must be encouraged across countries in a proficient way before utilizing better railroad systems. In a further developed adaptation of the equivalent systems administration, railroad transport will presently be investigated for conceivable outcomes of associating mainlands that are many miles separated. Expanding on past understanding of associating nations isolated via oceans and seas, it is progressively turning into a discussion theme in building scenes on how landmasses can be connected via train for effective vehicle. Comparable thoughts were shown in craftsmanship and plays to exhibit the pertinence of the formation of such work [2]. 1.2.2 History and Theory. Jules Verne is the main visionary to recommend the Transatlantic Tunnel thought in 1895. The underlying plan could likely have been incited by Vernes long and disagreeable cruising encounters [3]. Since there are a few fine arts that utilized an anecdotal model of the Transatlantic Tunnel, its completion was not paid attention to until genuine designing work was welcomed ready. Recommendations have been made on a few zones where the train and the passage framework would need to beat the most squeezing missing connections. Hypotheses and thoughts of a passage connecting the said landmasses have been determined and the best propositions were shown in a film by the name Transatlantic Tunnel which was made in 1935 [4]. In the film, a hazardous improvement of the undertaking included an outline of the troubles that the venture faces at the present stage. A large portion of the early positions hung on a similar subject depended on an anecdotal passage that was operational, maybe to represent the relevance of the venture. A prior adaptation of a similar proposition had been created and caught in the year 1933, in the German film Der Tunnel [5]. By 1945, trains that utilized the vacuum standard to accomplish rates of more than 1000 meters for each hour were at that point set up, gratitude to pioneers of genuine building examines. One of the significant building pioneers of such plans was Robert Goddad who gave quite a bit of his vitality to comparative designing examination. After three decades, building articles that broadly pushed for appropriation of the innovation were flowing. Vacuum train consideration changed during the 80s after revelation of the Japanese Maglev investigate [6]. Transoceanic Tunnel hypothesis puts together its hypothesizes with respect to the past building works where transport lines have been suspended in water. As indicated by the Discovery Channel, the English Channel joins England to France in a practically comparative manner that well known transoceanic models imagine [7]. Current top speed train positions are planned on attraction and vacuum standards to improve proficiency regarding velocity and opposition. Such trains models appeared in the year 2004 when Shanghai. Well known advancement towards the acknowledgment of the undertaking was made through the commitment made by Frak Davidson, who completed comparative research on the appropriateness of such a venture. Helped by another noticeable building originator by the name Earnst Frankel, Davidson had made probably the most encouraging commitments to the venture. In his prior building ventures, Davidson had taken an interest in the investigation tasks of a reality discovering gathering of the chance of setting up a passage underneath the English Channel; the English Channel Tunnel. The way of thinking that has been spread for a potential Transatlantic Tunnel configuration chiefly depends on crafted by Davidson. He proposed a framework that would apply a suspended passage that is around 300 feet into the sea. Another propose of his structure is the harbor in remote ocean where tying is utilized to interface the passage to the stay. In addition, he had likewise proposed that a vacuum would be important in his plan, to encourage top speed for the train. At long last, he additionally imagined an attractive train framework being brought into a similar framework for solidness and speed improvement [8]. 1.2.3 Design Approach Vacuum trains have been utilized in numerous fast models that have had the option to accomplish exceptional effectiveness. To accomplish the quickest speed that suits the model of train inside the cylinder like passage, clearing of the air that is inside the cylinder is normally essential. This prompts the formation of an air free section which is fit for accomplishing speed like that accomplished by a falling article in air. Remembering that the undertaking crosses over the whole Atlantic Ocean, time would be a noteworthy viewpoint for any helpful and productive vehicle framework. The best arrangements so far produced by the designing society have to a great extent depended on the vacuum train model which conveys results for top speed [9]. Attractive Levitation arrangement of transportation that utilizes attractive power to impel trains has likewise been included into the structure. Additionally alluded to as maglev prepares, the trains so impelled utilizing attractive field depend on three significant parts in particular; wellspring of electric vitality, metal loops and enormous magnets. There are a few focal points that the Maglev framework presents to the plan, including velocity and soundness. In this model, trains are lifted from ground level and are worked on the guideline of electromagnetism. As per Sirohiwala, Tandon and Vysetty, two fundamental standards of designing are abused by the framework, specifically; Electromagnetic Suspension which depends on fascination powers just as Electrodynamic Suspension which utilizes repugnance powers [10]. A blend of the vacuum and attractive levitation frameworks have likewise been investigated and discovered to give better outcomes. The advantages of an attractive framework coupled to the vacuum framework will convey top speed as well as solidness in the passage transport. As per the examination directed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, non contact orientation that attractive levitation trains apply encourage the acknowledgment of extremely high speeds and in conditions, for example, those present in vacuum train structures [11]. Likewise, use of the two frameworks in a fast train framework encourages the end of frictional power which for the most part causes mileage. This infers a half breed arrangement of the two frameworks could offer a bigger number of advantages in cost decrease than most different frameworks. As of now, the plan that could be applied for the undertaking intensely gets from the specialists who proposed a comparable structure called Channel Tunnel that could run under the English Channel [12]. Suspension configuration is favored by engineers, where surface choppiness and the underground vulnerabilities are dealt with. Joining of boats will be completed a good ways off of around 50 meters underneath the water surface. To hold the tremendous boats set up, overwhelming ocean stays will be plunged to the floor of the ocean and ties used to interface the two. By so doing, a few difficulties will be survived, including remote ocean pressure, surface crash with ships just as substantial waves. This separation is sheltered likewise for conceivable salvage activity, in the event that there is a crisis in the passage. A round and hollow structure has been embraced by the plan since chambers have inborn quality against wave powers, by lessening receptive obstruction. The substantial barges that house the train are hypothesized to have a thick packaging that is barrel shaped fit as a fiddle. An uncommon vessel will ship the boats to the ocean and encourage their submersion just as association with the all-inclusive passage utilizing extraordinary affixing screws and abutting. Tying will at that point be done onto a drenched stay that sits profound into the ocean bottom. A proceeded with augmentation of the cylinder will encourage the fruition of the passage from America to Europe. 1.2.4 Alternative Designs Other than the suspension plan that is as of now upheld for by numerous specialists, there were two different structures that were hypothesized for the equivalent. The first hypothesized burrow type was I

Process Analysis Essay Topics

Process Analysis Essay TopicsIf you are looking for a career in the teaching profession, you will want to know how to choose your process analysis essay topics. There are many different types of essay topics to choose from. Some are more specific and require more research, some are general in nature, but require less work, and some require no research at all.When you decide on a research topic, don't think that you will have to do research. Some college professors give assignments where they let students write an essay about a certain topic. For instance, they could assign a research paper that requires you to research a certain fact or figure in history.This is another opportunity for you to learn about a new topic or see what others are writing about. You may find that this is a more complicated and time-consuming assignment than you had expected. That is ok though, since you can always drop it after you complete the assignment.The only essay topics that are specific to a student's major are one-year essays. If you are not enrolled in a college, you will not be able to take advantage of these specific topic assignments. They are reserved for those who have enrolled in a particular degree program.A one-year essay is very similar to a critical examination or project. It is an opportunity for the student to analyze and identify the aspects of a given subject.These essay topics should generally focus on an aspect of the subject that is studied at a college or university. The topics need to be able to be understood by a person with knowledge of the subject area.If you are not enrolled in a major-level courses or if you have already taken the required college courses in the subject area, this is an excellent time to consider the subject and what you would like to write about. Once you have done a thorough research, you will know which topic is right for you.

Recycling Center Environmental Impact Statement Essay

Recycling Center Environmental Impact Statement Introduction This paper will present an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of a proposed construction project of a new recycling center in a rural area. The proposed project is to be built in a nonattainment area. The EIS will address land-use and development, social and neighborhood effects, economic factors, air quality, noise, and water resources as it relates to the proposed project. Included in the process will be three alternatives as well as a no build alternative. The Environmental Impact Statement will provide a detailed scoping of the project along with the alternatives that will ensure all potential impacts are addressed prior to project approval. Land Area The†¦show more content†¦The NSR program requires companies to obtain a permit for new construction or major modifications that substantially increase a facilitys emissions of the NAAQS.† Once the scoping process is complete a permit must be acquired according to the NSR program for approved construction. Land-use concerns are one of the most important factors that must be addressed when proposing a project of this magnitude. Community involvement and feedback is essential to determining the overall effects the proposed project will have on the community. According to Marriott (1997) â€Å"the analysis and adoption of comprehensive or land-use plans are one of the most interactive types of environmental impact assessment studies and can involve many factions of the affected community.† Analyzing community concerns regarding land-use will be of significant importance. The proposed recycling center would be located in a rural area that has many farms and consists of numerous waterways. The population is medium in size and spread throughout the area. Most of the farms divert water from the waterways for their crops and several unincorporated towns use the water for non-potable use. The towns get their drinking water from the ground water via wells. There is one two-lane highway that runs through the area linking several small towns and the adjacent farms. Alternatives The preferredShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Impact Of Of Recycling1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Environmental Impact of Paper Recycling We use paper in many different ways. Most people take all of these different paper products, such as tissues and cardboard, for granted. The most practical ways to reduce our waste output is by recycling and reducing. Recycling can be defined as the way we convert waste into usable materials. 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Unethical Business Practice Nike - 1499 Words

The role of the government also plays a major role in these challenges that are faced by Nike. As we know that government laws and regulations differ from country to country and this makes manufacturing of products very difficult challenge for the international companies like Nike. The host governments have laws concerns against consumer protection, information and labeling, employment, wages and salaries and safety of the workers who work in those firms. The international organizations must keep these rules and regulations in their minds and should abide by them. The most visible changes in the legal-political factors develop and grow out of international trade agreements and the emergence of international trade alliance between†¦show more content†¦Nike is being hypocritical in its support of children s programs in public schools while exploiting child labor in its shoe factories. - The Canadian Catholic Organization for Development and Peace. I think that s always been true, that basically we have not had a problem with child labor. It has been somewhat of a problem in the apparel industry, but it hasn t been a problem at Nike factories. - Philip Knight, CEO, Nike. But analysts felt that in spite of some cosmetic measures, the company had not really shown any real interest in addressing the issue. Jim Cox, executive president of the New York based GCI group,5 said, Nike has adopted a defensive attitude throughout. Recently, Nike seems to be grudgingly coming around to admitting something may be wrong but they missed an opportunity at the outset when they effectively said we re Nike and we re not doing anything wrong. We don t own these plants so they aren t our problem. In 1958, Phil Knight, a keen athlete and an undergraduate at the University of Oregon, and his track coach Bill Bowerman realized the need for a good American running shoe. 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Companies always want to have an ethical advantage over other companies but only for the profit. With globalisation and technological advances, it can put a stress on some companies as they always need profit and market share to be successful and grow. â€Å"Individual managers (tone at the top) play an essential role making sure (that unethical behaviour)Read MoreNike Case Study Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesNike Case Study 1.) List the various macro-environmental factors that influence Nike’s strategy. Which seem most pertinent? The macro-environmental factors that influence Nike’s strategy include culture, demographics, social issues, technological advances, economic situation, and political and regulatory environment.    Culture is the shared meanings, beliefs, morals, values and customs of a group of people. In America, Nike has become an industry leader that influences our culturalRead MoreNike Ethics and Human Violations1308 Words   |  6 PagesLike other large corporations, Nike looked to expand their operations outside North America. Many companies do this because of the law and wage demands of the United States making overseas operations very appealing. Employment laws are scarce and labor is cheap in most third world countries and can be easily become targeted by giant corporations such as Nike. In the beginning, Nike probably selected countries like Indonesia and Vietnam because of the vast poverty level and wage demand given theRead MoreRunning Head: Ambush Marketing Case Study1020 Words   |  5 Pagescontribution. Moreover, studies raise different concerns about Ambush marketing?s fairness, which leads to the business ethical measurement in both indirect, and direct methods. According to Datamonitor (2015), Ambush Marking defines as the activity in the public to show an organization?s product and service in order to catch the attention in front of audiences. Business enterprises practice this marketing technique by sending their employees to the publics, major activities, and sport events to demonstrate

Delinquent Behavior Essay Example For Students

Delinquent Behavior Essay Can delinquent behavior be deterred by threats of punishment? If not, how can it be controlled? The thought that punishment would be able to deter crime is absolutely ludicrous. If the threat of punishment actually worked, the prisons would be empty. It is clear punishment failed as a deterrent, so why does society insist on punishing criminals? I believe society just likes to punish. We like to get even with those who offended us/ or our social norms. Another reason juveniles are not deterred by crime is because they do not fully understand the punishment. Looking back at some of the choices I made when I was younger I can hardly believe I am the same person. For lot of young kids growing up without proper adult supervision and nothing else to do, crimes seems appealing. In the book they talk about routine theory of delinquency, â€Å"Routine activities theory holds that delinquency is caused by the lack of capable guardians, the availability of suitable targets, and the presences of motivated offenders (such as unemployed teenagers)†. Jail does nothing to reform juvenile offenders, it just integrates them into a culture of adult offenders. I think the key to curbing delinquent behavior in kids starts with the family. We dont have the reigns as tight on our kids as our parents had on us, and it shows. Kids need curfews, jobs, and a sense of respect in general, and no amount of threats will instill on that. I think families and communities have to take more responsibility for teaching children to distinguish right from wrong. For example we need more juvenile outreach programs and studies show that after school programs have been proven to deter crime among juveniles. Last, but not least I think the nation must expand preventive programs that help families and steer children away from crime. The problem is not a lack of adequate punishment, but the deterioration of the family

Re-word the future free essay sample

Faking a smile to mask my ambivalence, I approached a boy sitting alone in the over-crowded cafeteria. I never interacted with a handicapped person before and I didn’t know what to expect. Before my lips could form a greeting Mikey interjected, â€Å"Hi! I can’t wait to have fun with my new buddy.† Stunned by his articulate welcome, he eradicated my stereotypical expectation of the mentally-challenged. Eager to converse, Mikey’s untainted curiosity exposed an engaging dialogue; however, as we entered the hallway our conversation diminished. With each step, his apprehension intensified. The gregarious boy I met twenty minutes ago vanished. Sheepishly reaching for my hand, I subtly ignored his gesture in fear of committing social suicide. Before I could question his change in character I recognized the cause of his recoil. Insensitive cliques of gossipers shouted ominous comments that echoed through the halls, â€Å"Who’s the retarded kid? Did you l ose a bet?† I can’t say this was an epiphany, but it was a transformative moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Re-word the future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I reflected on its tactless utilization and disparaging effects. Firmly gripping Mikey’s hand we navigated through a swarm of students ignorant to the power of their own words. Retard, a corruption of the word retarded, is a painful stereotype forced upon the mentally-challenged. These six letters plague those battling intellectual disabilities. Said with the intention to insult, retard mocks a handicapped individual’s desire to be accepted in society. They are teased because they can’t comprehend at a pace society deems fit, yet ridiculers ignore the diligence the mentally-handicapped exert to accomplish simple actions that most take for granted. Society distorts the innocuous definition into a pejorative comment that implies insignificance. This way of mocking a friend’s stupidity is hate speech. In an attempt to justify their ignorance, many feel the mentally-handicapped are incapable of deciphering odious comments against them. This populace fails t o realize that the handicapped are more alike than different. They laugh just as loud, dream just as big and smile just as bright as the rest of us; consequently, their pain is just as real. Racial slurs and biased insults have emotional impacts; â€Å"retarded† is no different. Mikey’s reclusive retreat demonstrates that even charismatic individuals can be intimidated by disparaging comments. Millions worldwide guiltily utilize this terminology everyday. Television host, Chelsea Handler, broadens this malignant speech weekly when an estimated 900,000 viewers tune in to her program. Former White House Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, contributed to this dehumanization by calling opponents of â€Å"Obama-care† â€Å"retards†. Dehumanizing language has the power to stigmatize those with cognitive and developmental disabilities. It is of paramount importance that the label retard is eradicated from the dictionary as well as our minds. The mentally-challenged are more than just a word; they are a part of our community. Society has made great strides in eliminating many forms of hate speech; for Mikey’s sake it is time to spread a new â€Å"r-word†: respect. We may not be able to re-write the past, but we can re-word the future.

Essay junipero serra

Essay junipero serra Essay junipero serra In Junipero Serra’s biography by Steven Hackel, the author depicts the life of Father Serra who would be remembered in history as one of the most influential people of California. Father Serra, born in 1713 in the island of Mallorca would grow up to become California’s Founding Father. In this biography, the author uses primary sources to examine the life of the Franciscan priest, which allows the reader to learn who this man was and the impact he had in the colonization of California. Today, Father Serra can be seen as a controversial figure in history since some may view him as heroic and saintly man, while others may view him as a an evil man for his wrongdoings against the Native Indians of California. The author examines and analyzes Serra’s early life as it played an important role in the shaping of his character and beliefs as a priest. Growing up in a poor family in Petra, Mallorca, Miguel Joseph spent a lot of his childhood in the convento church of San Bernardino where he was educated and was also his place of worship. As stated by the author, â€Å"From an early age Miguel Joseph understood the Fransiscan life as one committed to building Catholic houses of worship and spreading the gospel† (22). Miguel Joseph’s religious upbringing would dictate the man he would become and the influence he would have in the creation of missions in California. Leaving his family behind, Miguel Joseph embarked on a journey where he would give his life to the institution of the Catholic Church to follow God’s will. As the author explains, Miguel Joseph went on to follow his dream of becoming a priest and before his profession to the order was completed he decided to change his name to Junipero Serra. Serra’s early life is very important to analyze as it influenced his religious beliefs and his decision to travel to California and spread the gospel of God. Serra’s early life as a preacher and professor would dicta te his decision to become a missionary at the age of 36, where he would embark in a journey to the new world. Serra spent his first years as a missionary in Mexico in several missions where he would fulfill God’s will in spreading the gospel. Francisco Palou, a missionary from Mallorca joined Serra in his journey to the new world and it is through his biography of Serra, Relacion Historica, published in 1787 that historians have been able to study and examine the life and work of Serra. After years of ministering and serving as a comisario of the inquisition in Mexico, Serra was given the opportunity he had been searching for and so he embarked on a mission program up north to California. There he would further extend Spain’s frontier and would begin to build the missions of California. Serra is depicted by the author as a man that was determined and committed in fulfilling his calling in converting the Indians to the holy Catholic faith. In a letter to Palou from Ser ra, he explains how California is â€Å"not only fertile soil and sources of freshwater but also an immense population of unbaptized Indians awaiting conversion† (161). Serra believed that California was a promised land and converting the Indians would be a simple task, â€Å"In their innocent state, the California Indians would be converted at the mere sight of the Franciscans† (162). However, as noted by the author, the Indians were unhappy with the Spanish Intruders and as a result, Serra’s efforts to spread the catholic faith was challenged

Network Security of LAN used in Small Office and Home Office Essay

Network Security of LAN used in Small Office and Home Office - Essay Example Another fact worthy to note is that less than two thirds (62 percent) of these small businesses use automatic patching. Those that do not use automatic patching has the risk of not getting a critical update and most likely leave their systems open for the next round of attacks that will undeniably come. Recommendations for enhancing these best practices are put forth. With each passing day, interconnectivity in today’s marketplace develops and numerous businesses are putting their trust on the Internet and other network technologies for the smooth functioning of their businesses. Even small businesses now have the capability to compete with effectiveness compared with larger companies as the internet offers the ability for them to expand the geographical scope of their market. In addition, the Internet is able to make 71 percent of small businesses to begin conducting different business tasks, such as servicing the customer and doing procurement, as a recent survey shows (American Express, 2002). However, this wonderful news does not come without a catch. Internet connection particularly a 24/7 broadband connection is also a security threat to small businesses which probably lack the resources and technical skill to deal with it. The deficiency of small business to hire a diverse IT staff as commonly found in bigger companies is a hindranc e. Managers of these small businesses are unsurprisingly unable to fully comprehend yet the information and business implications of the security threats and risks. The significant factor in the creation of a standard security program for a company is still its size, where smaller business most unlikely to have very complicated security for themselves (Kotulic & Clark, 2004). In a worldwide survey done by Ernst and Young, 34 percent of respondents found they are less than sufficient in telling whether or not their systems are being attacked. 32

Routines and Capabilities of Walt Disney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Routines and Capabilities of Walt Disney - Essay Example The resources of Walt Disney are the firm’s most fundamental characteristics which are their tools and their personality. These are the individual assets of the firm such as items of capital equipment, employee skills, brand names, and the like. The resources are firm-specific assets that are useful for creating a competitive advantage which few competitors can acquire easily. A company that has resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate and organized to exploit resources, then the company can sustain its competitive advantage. Organisational resources can be classified into tangible and intangible resources. Tangible resources include cash, financial assets, land and capital equipment. Intangible resources include brand reputation, technology, employee skills and goodwill. Like most firms, Walt Disney recognises the intangible resources as the most valuable and most strategically important items. They invest in training and development of workers, research of new te chnologies, and marketing its brand.

University Culture Essay Example for Free

University Culture Essay There are universities all over the world with their own unique cultures which include their own customs among other things. Rice University is a great example of a college with its very own unique culture compared to other universities. E. B. Tyler defined culture as â€Å"†¦that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society† (Howe â€Å"Culture† lecture 2011). This is only one of many definitions of culture that have been thrown around by numerous individuals throughout the course of history. This definition in particular fits Rice University extremely well. No one of the before mentioned qualities such as knowledge, morals, or customs make Rice University what it culturally is, but it is when all of these aspects are brought together that Rice really becomes what the university is today. When one matriculates at Rice University they all of a sudden become a part of something much larger than they were before. They become part of a grand family. One of the first things that Rice University drilled into my head when I first arrived was the idea of the honor code, which is really a set of laws that govern the student body. In this system the student is granted a great deal of trust from their professors and the university in as a whole. Things such as take home exams are commonplace thanks to the commitment from the students to respect the honor code. Since such a high focus is placed on the honor code it is in fact a major piece of the culture here at Rice. I feel like this practice works at Rice so well because the students at Rice tend to have shown a great deal of commitment to get into such a great school that they are able to be trusted to be more responsible than the average college student. In different cultures across the planet there are an abundant amount of rituals practiced. Things such as holidays and religion are specific to certain cultures. Rice University has a few rituals of its own. The one that comes to mind most often for people is the running of Baker 13. This is a taboo ritual in the sense that it is prohibited to just anyone (Howe â€Å"Rituals† lecture 2011). This practice would actually be illegal outside of Rice actually. A brief overview of what Baker 13 entails is a bunch of naked college students running around campus at night covered in shaving cream. They attempt to attack any other students unlucky enough to get in their path with a naked, shaving cream covered hug. This practice is unique to Rice University and thus is a way to help establish Rice’s own culture. When it comes to Rice’s ethnic culture things are quite different from the average run of the mill culture. While cultures usually have a specific ethnic group that is prevalent, Rice University prides itself by having so many students with such a wide range of ethnic backgrounds. Rice actually draws from a plethora of ethnic groups, in which â€Å"members share certain beliefs, values, customs, and norms because of their common background† (Howe â€Å"Ethnicity† lecture 2011). This ability to draw from so many different cultures and their ethnic groups is a major part of Rice University’s own culture. Much the same as American culture is borrowed culture from other areas in the world, Rice can be seen as being multicultural. Rice is definitely not only composed of many other cultures coming together. Rice’s culture has many other aspects unique to itself such as the before mentioned rituals and life here in general. Rice University even has its own language exclusive to Rice. This can be seen in the different cheers of each of the eleven different residential colleges here on campus. These cheers tend to be somewhat more vulgar than the average language seen outside of Rice University with some even referring to sexual acts with another’s parents. Language here at Rice is not restricted to merely vocalizations. We, much like gangs in the streets, have a few hand gestures and symbols that are commonly used here. One such gesture is when one makes an owl with his or her hands. This is commonly seen at sporting events when students are cheering on for the Rice University owls. This is one way in which all of the students come together in show support for their fellow students. In some ways people might think of Rice University as not really having a unifying culture. This can be attributed to the eleven different residential colleges here on campus. Each college does in fact have its own culture, so Rice University is actually made up of eleven sub-cultures. These sub-cultures actively compete amongst one another in events such as powder-puff, basketball, and other sporting venues. This competition can come across as counterproductive in keeping a university wide culture intact. Many might wonder how a culture that has almost a dozen sub-cultures that compete against each other so often and even have anti-cheers for one another could still be called a culture. Culture is in fact seen as something that unifies groups and individuals so it is understandable when people do not see Rice University as really having a university wide culture. To me this idea of Rice University not having a culture is totally ungrounded. The many sub-cultures of Rice actually add to the overall campus wide community in my opinion. Rice University has the culture it does because of the ability to have so many different sub-cultures coexist with one another and form such a unified student body. This unification is not always noticeable on the surface, but rest assured Rice people love other Rice people. Like I mentioned above, the whole university comes together at college-level sporting events to cheer on the team against other universities. Another example of members of the different residential colleges coming together is during classes. Since attending class plays such a major role when one is at a university they can be great opportunities for cooperation among the eleven residential colleges. Students from all the residential colleges work together in class on group projects and discussing the topics of the class. Like all universities, Rice has numerous clubs and organizations that one can become a part of. The clubs and organizations welcome anyone to join in and become a member. Even cultural clubs that represent specific foreign cultures welcome individuals from any other cultural background to join in their activities. A few weeks ago I attended a production put on by Rice’s own Southeast Asian dance organization. There were an abundant amount of individuals participating in the production that were obviously not of Southeast Asian heritage. To me this proves just how many different cultures can coexist within Rice University’s very own culture. In other words I believe that Rice University has a special and unique culture thanks to the university’s ability to bring so many diverse cultures together. Not many other places or organizations could have such a strong presence in my opinion. In my short time at Rice so far I have already been affected by the culture of this place. I remember when applying to colleges I would think of how it would be when I actually started attending a university. I would think of all the college cliches from movies and friends’ experiences that had already began their collegiate career. I began to form my thoughts of how I thought college would be when I finally got there. After I got to Rice I soon realized that how I thought the culture would be was completely off. Rice is a place where one has to really be a part of and experience its culture for that culture to be really understood and appreciated. Works Cited Howe, Cymene 2011 â€Å"Culture† lecture. Rice University, Introduction to Social/Cultural Anthropology, Fall. Howe, Cymene 2011 â€Å"Rituals† lecture. Rice University, Introduction to Social/Cultural Anthropology, Fall. Howe, Cymene 2011 â€Å"Ethnicity† lecture. Rice University, Introduction to Social/Cultural Anthropology, Fall.

Emerging Nationalism after American War of 1812 :: essays research papers

After the war of 1812, the United States moved toward to the creation of a unified national state and by 1830 became a nation-state. Through major changes in infrastructure, establishments of national banks, and the purchases of land, America was developing into its own fully functional and self-sufficient nation. The victory of the War of 1812 was a huge leap toward America becoming its own nation because of the national unity the win provided its citizens. The morale of the citizens lifted greatly because they managed to defeat the greatest military powers of the world and managed to survive. It also proved to the world that the american nation could defend itself from foreign threats. The victory improved America’s self confidence and faith in the military to defend the natiosn freedom and honor. Clays American system was an economic plan consisting of the establishment of protective tariffs, to establish a national bank, and to improve the country’s infrastructure. Protective tariffs protected americans from cheap imports. America Needed a strong national bank to help regulate money and to get funding for internal improvement projects such as roads. Among the most important internal improvements created under the American System were the Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road. He wanted to unify the country by integrating the industrail with the agricultural and have a strengthened infrastructure and economic nationalism to allow for self sufficiency. The National Bank created a standarad form of currency and helped pay off the revolutionary war debt. In 1816, there was a second twenty year charter. It was founded during the administration of U.S. President James Madison to stabilize currency. The estblaishment of a national bank led improvements in transportation because now roads could be paid for. These Improvements in Transportations were good for communication around the nation, which helped send messages faster. In 1818, the national road started the growing road systems that tied the new west to the old east. The Erie Canal was built in New York and runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The Loose construction of the elastic clause gave more power to the congress and allowed Thomas Jefferson to purchase the Louisana territory. The Louisiana Purchase was more than 530,000,000 acres of territory purchased from France in 1803.

BP Deep Water Horizontal Explosion

BP originated from a British petroleum company founded in 1909. After experiencing crises during the 1980s-1990s, the company started to have a cost cutting culture. During mid-1990s, with an aggressive growth strategy, BP started to grow and reposition. After BP merged with Amoco in 1998, John Browne started to serve as chief executive until May 2007. Browne repositioned BP as a â€Å"green† oil company after he took over and practiced the model of organizational decision-making strategy, known as â€Å"asset federation. Under this new strategy, onsite asset managers had the authority to make decisions, and employees’ compensation was directly tied to asset performance (Ingersoll et. al, 4). Many decisions made by John Browne were directly related to the Deepwater Horizon explosion. In 2007, Tony Hayward replaced John Browne and became the new chief executive. Tony Hayward slightly adjusted BP’s organizational structure and decided to pay more attention to BPâ €™s safety issues and risk averse culture. However, the Deepwater Horizon explosion happened when Tony Hayward was in charge. The BP Deepwater Horizon oil explosion occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, which is considered as the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused tremendous damages to the surrounding environment and enormous losses to shareholders. BP acquired the right of operating the Macondo Well Project from the U. S. Minerals Management Service in 2009, and then BP leased the Deepwater Horizon rig from Transocean who provides offshore drilling equipment and personnel operation. Both BP and Transocean operated the Deepwater Horizon when the disaster happened. The Deepwater Horizon explosion resulted in major damages and losses. When the explosion occurred, workers abandoned ship and jumped into the burning ocean. Among the 126 workers on board the Deepwater Horizon, 17 were injured and 11 died. Additionally, the rig burned down 700,000 gallons of oil within 36 hours, and the smoke trail spread over 30 miles (Ingersoll et. al, 2). BP’s stock price declined dramatically after the explosion. The disaster not only dragged BP into the major scandal but also destroyed many surrounding businesses and families. The consequences of the explosion affected not only organization, shareholders, and employees but also the environment, social issues, and public relations. The Deepwater Horizon disaster had many causes, direct and indirect; it mainly involved people-issues, managers and managing, organizational weaknesses, and external oversight and accountability. â€Å"CAUSES† OF THE EXPLOSION Firstly, individuals in an organization always have decision-making biases, and thus they would have a â€Å"huge capacity to rationalize their behavior† (Crews). Individuals usually make decisions subjectively based on their value set. The former CEO John Browne set up how BP would develop after mid 90’s; he also was the key person who affected the future of Tony Hayward. Browne relied on and promoted Hayward. A metaphor in Elkind’s article said that Hayward was favored prince of Browne, and Browne opened Hayward’s eyes to the world of business (Elkind et. al, 9). It was not clear why Browne relied on Hayward so much, but he made Hayward become the CEO of BP. On the other hand, Browne played an important role in BP’s management strategy. Browne decided to focus on cutting costs and had a desire to make BP become the largest oil producer. He created the big picture of BP’s development, which influenced the future CEO Hayward’s value set of decision-making and employees’ behaviors in BP. Not only managers had bias of decision-making, the engineers who constructed and maintained the rig also had bias. BP chose long string casing for the Macondo well because several individuals overvalued the cost. As a result, the well casing choice created the condition of the rig’s explosion (Ingersoll et. al, 19). Additionally, the drilling engineers decided not to run the â€Å"cement bond log† test, and that test could accurately diagnose a bond failure to improve process safety. Mark Hafle, one of BP’s drilling engineers even claimed the cement job was working fine at court (Ingersoll et. al, 16). The drilling engineers of the Macondo project were warned about potential risks, but they willfully ignored the warnings and insisted everything would work fine. Such bias and rationalized behavior of drilling engineers just added another warning sign to the explosion of Deepwater Horizon. Secondly, BP’s business relationships are complex, and the legitimate priorities often conflict (Crews). BP’s failure to prevent the explosion was due in part to complex partnership. BP held the rights to drill using the rig and operation services leased from Transocean. As a result, â€Å"of the 126 people aboard the Deepwater Horizon, 79 were from Transocean, seven were from BP, and the rest were from other firms† (Ingersoll et. al, 1). People serving on Deepwater Horizon came from different organizations. A decision making process involved many authorities, which decreased the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making. Even though BP maintained main operational authority, only six percent of people aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig were from BP. As an important business partner of BP, Transocean provided the equipment and performed the majority of the work, and thereafter it had some authority over operations and maintenance. The complex business partnership caused serious operational consequence. Upon the day of explosion, the Deepwater Horizon rig had been operating 29 days more than it should had been, and the leasing fee owed to Transocean far exceeded the budget (Ingersoll et. al, 7). It was a problem that both companies had authority of decision making over operation. This led to legitimate conflict of priorities. For example, when closing a well, â€Å"11 companies played a role in the construction of the casing for the Macondo well, and all with different responsibilities for various aspects of setting the well† (Ingersoll et. al, 9). Different companies made decisions based on their own company’s interest of cost, time, and safety. As a result, any decision-making process would be very time-consuming, given that all companies kept competing and were not willing to compromise. Because of the conflict of interests and inadequate information, decisions made under such condition were inconsistent and unclear. The inefficient and ineffective decision-making processes slowed the progress of drilling and over-drafted the budget. If the drilling on Deepwater Horizon rig would have been completed within 51 days as expected, BP may have stopped a disaster. Thirdly, the misalignment occurs when managers’ words and action conflict. To prevent corporate scandals, managers’ actions are more powerful than words in shaping employees’ behavior and presenting a positive image to society (Crews). BP faced safety issues in last few decades. Even though each time its CEOs made a commitment to the public about safety, disasters still happened continuously. For instance, â€Å"in 2000, after a string of fires and equipment failures, CEO John Browne announced plans to ‘review the commitment to safety. † In 2005, the explosion of BP’s Texas City refinery killed 15 people; ironically, Browne swore to fix safety problems again like previously. The Deepwater Horizon spill, the worst one in history, happened two years after CEO Tony Hayward took over, and he had promised to focus on safety issue â€Å"like a laser† (Elkind et. al, 4). Empty promises are just like checks without sufficient funds. The conflic t of managers’ words and action caused the corporation lose credibility to the public. BP’s CEO kept vowing to correct safety issues, and the sequential disasters revoked their promises time after time. The U. S. Chemical Safety Board investigated BP’s real safety operation after the Texas City refinery explosion, and they found that BP Group failed to review its refinery operation systematically. Even though the Group Chief Executive claimed, â€Å"BP would learn lessons from Grangemouth and other incidents† (National Commission Chapter 8, 6), BP’s actions were against its public commitment. BP had desires to change, but it never improved in respect to safety weaknesses. BP emphasized personal safety instead of process safety, which led to the serious consequence (Elkind et. l, 5). BP’s board of directors failed to enhance process safety, and this helped BP lose credibility with the public. They needed to create an environment of safety concern to train employees from every level of the organization. Fourthly, BP’s managers were more concerned with seeking profits than with ethics (Crews). Employees’ performance was evaluated by ability of cost cutting and profit generating. For example, in 2008, BP introduced an â€Å"every dollar counts† program that aimed to reduce the costs of their drilling operation (Smith, 1). Another example would be that leaders of BP’s drilling team considered the $2. 2 million of incremental cost benefit over safety when they handled installation problem of lockdown sleeve (Smith, 2). Likewise, many other decisions of construction of the Macondo well were made based on cost and profit instead of safety concerns. BP’s failure was highly related to managers blindly seeking profit and ignoring safety issues. BP used Long-string casing, which made production less costly and shortened the time of return on investment (Deepwater Horizon Study Group, 56). This was one of the main causes of the explosion. Oil drilling is a highly risky industry, and BP was supposed to emphasize safety; however, managers valued profit over ethics, and that hastened up the failure of BP. Fifthly, an organization’s culture, structure, strategy, and resource allocation strongly affect the behaviors of managers and employees (Crews). BP’s organizational culture is cost cutting and risk taking, which directly affected managers’ decision-making. Since 1995 when John Bowne took over, he â€Å"imposed a tough bottom-line mentality† to focus on cutting costs. He also chose to give more operating authority to his managers. Bowne targeted aggressive profit growth by making his managers sign an annual performance contract (Elkind et. al, 8). BP’s organizational culture pushed CEOs to set profit as the primary goal. An organization’s culture is its personality, which implies how managers would operate the organization. With the cost-cutting culture, managers and employees made decisions driven by the organizational culture. Additionally, BP’s unethical management structure and strategy caused the bad competition between employees. BP had a management strategy, â€Å"asset federation. † BP’s onsite asset managers had â€Å"decision-making authority and responsibility for meeting performance targets;† moreover, onsite employees’ compensation was valued by overall performance of the site (Ingersoll et. al, 4). As a result, BP exploration sites had an unethical competition and were less likely to share best practice on risk management; that was a big concern for an oil company whose process safety was a problem. On the other hand, BP also had a weakness of high bureaucracy operating costs. BP had â€Å"a starched, rigidly hierarchical management culture;† for example, headquarter employees and senior employees had preferential treatment in company, which shows BP’s unbalanced and unsound reward system (Elkind et. al, 7). In other words, BP was weak in human resource management. The company rewarded employees by position instead of ethical behavior and good performance. A lack of focus on safety issues directly led to the explosion. BP’s â€Å"creative† management strategy introduced by John Browne made exploration onsite managers keep their best practice to themselves and blindly chase profit. Such management contributed to Deepwater Horizon explosion. Finally, external auditing and regulatory weaknesses also indirectly contributed to the explosion (Crews). Offshore oil drilling is a risky industry. Therefore, in some region, the government essentially banned it due to environmental concerns. However, in the Gulf, the environmental protections and safety regulation were relaxed and ineffective because the oil drilling would bring billions of dollars to federal government (National Commission Chapter 3, 3). Driven by revenue, the government and regulators id not put forth too many restrictions for oil industry in the Gulf. With this important advantage, BP continually neglected safety issues and took risks, which eventually caused the disaster. According to the national commission report, revenue increases when moving drilling deeper into the water, but the corresponding safety risks also increases; however, such increased risks were not covered by additional regularly over sight (National Commission Chapter 3, 3). Investigators found that Deepwater Horizon extended drilling by 18360 feet below sea level. BP drilled aggressively by ignoring the risks and consequences. However, regulators might be more than happy to accept the huge revenue contributions instead of considering environmental concerns and set restrictions. More importantly, the regulation and auditing office had a culture of revenue maximization. BP acquired the right of exploration from MMS. The national commission report points out that the MMS office had culture of accepting gifts from oil companies. An employee of MMS even negotiated with the oil company when he conducted inspections on this company's oil platforms (National Commission Chapter 3, 23). Oil companies and public regulation office benefitted each other, and that made improvement of safety issue in entire oil industry became obstructive. The government did not provide strict regulation to an industry that could bring it money because more regulation means less revenue. Along with a long list of safety issues, BP risked drilling down below the sea to seek more oil and profit without additional auditing and regulation; all the factors pushed and forced the disaster happened. First, The Deepwater horizon explosion killed 11 people, and 17 were injured. The ocean was flaming when the rig became a graveyard. To those dead employees, their family had to face the loss of family members. Second, The Deepwater Horizon explosion affected BP’s and Transocean’s financial market. The sharp drop of stock price wiped out $91 million in market value. BP’s working capital that founded by $10 billion in short-term paper was shut out (Elkind et. al, 20). The credit situations of both companies weakened. Moreover, BP and Transocean had to pay for the damages by billions of dollars. Even two years later in 2012, BP still had $8. 3 billion on damage payouts caused by the explosion (Helman, 3). Both companies were required to pay for environmental restoration, damage to surrounding businesses, and cleanup cost. On the other hand, the explosion also destroyed the reputation of BP and Transocean, and scandals were harmful to two companies’ public relationship. After Deepwater Horizon explosion, the financial market for BP securities had a dramatically change. BP’s investors faced a huge loss on investment. BP’s stock price dropped more than 50%, and the stock and option trading volume increased instantly by fifteen to twentyfold. Interest rate of BP bonds increased, and the company announced the suspension of cash dividends to shareholders (Fodor and Stowe, 1). BP’s disaster made shareholders face a tremendous loss. The value of stocks in hand became worthless and the dividend payments might endless delay. Furthermore, the explosion also affected business in the gulf and the coast tourism industry. The disaster dramatically affected the Alabama coast, which depended on tourism: compared to 2009, the number of visitors decreased by 1 million, real estate values dropped by more than 65%, retail sale declined by 50% (Keegen, 2). The most affected business was fishing industry in the gulf. Since the spilling oil, many fishes were killed and many families whose life depended on fishing and tourist service were bankrupt instantly. In addition, the explosion affected the gulf coast ecosystem. After the explosion, the rig burned for 36 hours. Deepwater Horizon rig exploded about 100 miles southwest of Orange Beach,† and â€Å"more than 200 million gallons of crude went into the gulf† before July 15, 2010 (Keegen, 2). As a result, spilling oil â€Å"fouled beaches and shorelines,† and it destroyed gulf coast ecosystem; creatures and species were killed. The Deepwater Horizon explosion â€Å"created one of worst environmental disaster in U. S. history (Keegen, 2). Ba sed on a research of Texas A& M’s Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, the real loss of gulf coast ecosystem and fisheries were huge and need decades for recovery (Keegen, 5). PREVENTION One of the reasons for BP’s failure is that top managers did not have ethical concerns. The safety issue is the major problem of BP; however, CEOs and managers were concerned for profit over safety concern. Internally, the Board of Directors should create a clear plan that focuses on addressing particular ethical needs for different situations. Additionally, BP should increase the responsibility of the Board of Directors in overseeing the managing executives. An organization should had ethical oversight, and it should provide employees ethical training to advocate ethical behavior. Management fault also was the main reason contributed to the explosion. BP had problems with management structure and management strategy. Managers who focused on cost cutting and wilfully ignored safety problem made numerous poor decisions. Employees should be rewarded by performance overall instead of the ability to cut cost. Rig managers and engineering leader should regard the warning signs and conduct safety test regularly. The managers should pay attention to â€Å"near misses† and avoid the â€Å"favorable wind direction,† and then they might be able to predict and prevent the crises (Tinsley et. l, 1). Considering all of the factors that contributed to Deepwater Horizon explosion, the root cause was the cost-cutting organizational culture. An organizational culture is the characteristic of a corporation; it affects people’s perspectives and values. Employees use the organizational culture to guide and rationalize their behavior. Therefore, directors of bo ard, executives, and top managers should create and inform employees with a positive organizational culture and build conditions for employees’ learning and appreciating. BP’s explosion had internal and external reason. Internally, BP Deepwater Horizon explosion involved two CEOs’ main decisions; besides, BP had a complex organizational strategy, management structure, and partnership. Externally, the outside weakness of legality and regulation contribute to BP’s ethical scandals. Thereafter, besides corporation internal control, the regulators should provide more specific regulations and auditing that conduct oil industry operating with a safer procedure.

Climate Change Global Warming - 1303 Words

Jasdeep Shergill Professor Idil Boran Phil 3595 November 7th 2015 Climate change also known as global warming is a worldwide occurrence that alters the world climate in a negative way as a result of the astonishing levels carbon dioxide. The first signs of global warming arose at the beginning of the 20th century, making it impossible to end as the impacts of climate change have progressed so far. Industrialized nations are heavily bound by climate change treaties as they set out goals for emission reductions. The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that outlines two ideas; the fact that climate change is present and secondly, that human activity (carbon dioxide) has initiated it. The Protocol only applies to first world countries, as they have contributed the greatest to climate change by emitting 150 years’ worth of emissions into the air. 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